EFFECT OF ATROPINE ON RABBIT EYES

Learn[pharmacology practical experiment]

 THEORY:-

1.Anticholinergic activity:-

Atropine binds to muscarinic receptors in the eye, specifically M1 and M3 receptors which are present in the iris dilator muscle, ciliary muscle, and conjunctiva.

2.Mydriasis:- 

Atropine causes dilation of the pupil (mydriasis) by relaxing the iris sphincter muscle and contracting the iris dilator muscle.

3.Cycloplegia:-

Atropine paralyzes the ciliary muscle, leading to a loss of accommodation (cycloplegia) and a fixed pupil.

4.Reduced tear production:-

Atropine can decrease tear production by reducing the activity of the lacrimal gland.

5.Increased intraocular pressure:-

Atropine can increase intraocular pressure (IOP) by reducing the outflow of aqueous humor from the 

ONSET OF ACTION:-

Atropine is an anticholinergic agent that causes mydriasis (pupil dilation) and cycloplegia (paralysis of accommodation) in rabbit eyes. The onset of action of atropine on rabbit eyes is relatively rapid

Effects on Rabbit Eyes:-

When applied topically to the eyes of rabbits, atropine produces the following effects:

1.Mydriasis:-

 Atropine causes dilation of the pupil which can last for several hours.

2.Cycloplegia:-

Atropine paralyzes the ciliary muscle leading to a loss of accommodation.

3.Reduced tear production:-

Atropine can decrease tear production leading to dryness and irritation of the eye.

4.Increased intraocular pressure:-

 Atropine can increase IOP which can be a concern in rabbits with pre-existing glaucoma.

5.Route of administration:-

Topical administration may result in a faster onset of action compared to systemic administration.

6.Individual variability:-

 Rabbits may respond differently to atropine resulting in varying onset times.

Note:-

The onset of action of atropine may vary depending on the specific study and experimental conditions.

DURATION OF ACTION:-

                                            It's duration of action is about 4 hours execpt when place topically in eye where the action may Last for a day.

PROCEDURE:-

1.Preparation:-

 Apply topical anesthetic to the eyes.

2.Baseline measurements:-

Measure IOP, pupil diameter, and accommodation in both eyes using the respective devices.

3.Atropine administration:-

Instill 1-2% atropine sulfate solution into one eye (treated eye). The other eye serves as a control.

4.Post-treatment measurements:-

Measure IOP pupil diameter and accommodation in both eyes at 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after atropine administration.

5.Data analysis:-

Compare the measurements between the treated and control eyes. Calculate the percentage change in IOP, pupil diameter, and accommodate.

=Note all readings in observation table

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS:-

1=TOPICALLY APPLICATION:-

                                                    Atropine is applying directly to the eye using eye drops or a micropipette.

2=INTRAOCULAR INJECTION:-

                                          

3=ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY:-

                                                Typically like electrophoresis or electrotinography are used to measure the electrical activity of the eye in response to atropine.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANT:-

                                              Understand the effect of atropine on rabbit eyes has important for human opthalmology.

1=DIAGNOSIS TOOLS:-

                                       Atropine is used as a diagnosis tool to dilated pupil for eye exam.

2=TREATMENT OF UVEITIS:-

                                                   Atropine is used to treat UVEITIS by reduce inflammation and prevention synechiae formation.

3=PREOPERATIVE METHOD:-

                                                     Atropine is used as PREOPERATIVE METHOD to dilated pupil and reduce salivation.

PRECAUTIONS:-

Animal Welfare:-

2. Ensure proper anesthesia and pain management.

3. Monitor rabbits for signs of stress or discomfort.

Drug Administration:-

1. Use sterile atropine solution to avoid contamination.

2. Administer atropine in a well-ventilated area.

3. Avoid touching the eye or surrounding area to prevent contamination.

Measurement Precautions:-

1. Calibrate tonometers and other measurement devices regularly.

2. Use proper techniques for measuring IOP, pupil diameter, and aqueous humor outflow.

3. Avoid touching the cornea or conjunctiva during measurements.

Atropine-Specific Precautions:-

1. Wear protective gloves and eyewear when handling atropine, as it can cause skin and eye irritation.

2. Avoid accidental exposure to atropine, as it can cause systemic anticholinergic effects.

3. Ensure proper disposal of atropine-containing waste materials.

General Precautions:-

1. Follow institutional guidelines for animal research.

2. Ensure proper ventilation in the laboratory to prevent accumulation of atropine fumes.

3. Keep atropine solutions away from children and pets.

USES:-

           =Atropine is used topically for examination of retina and optical disc.

=Atropine is used as anti spasmodic agent.

=It is an effect prophylactic agent of motion sickness for short journey.

=Atropine is used as an into does for acetylcholine estrase inhibitor.

RESULTS:-

                  Dilation of pupil occur as this is MYDRIASIS drug and corneal reflex are present after applying it.