PILOCORPINE EFFECT ON RABBIT EYES

Learn [pharmacology practical experiment]

THEORY:-

1.Muscarinic receptor activation:-

Pilocorpine active muscrinic receptors.

2.Miosis:-

Pilocarpine cause misosis.

3.Ciliary muscle contraction:-

Contraction of the ciliary muscle increases the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye reducing intraocular pressure (IOP).

4.Increased aqueous outflow:-

Pilocarpine increases the outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork which helps to reduce IOP.

5.Breakdown of blood-aqueous barrier:-

Pilocarpine can cause a breakdown of the blood aqueous barrier leading to increased permeability and inflammation in the eye.

ONSET OF ACTION:- 

Pilocarpine's rapid onset of action makes it an effective treatment for acute glaucoma attacks and other emergency situations.

 

DURATION OF ACTION:- 

                                           =The IOP-lowering effect of pilocarpine lasts for approximately 4-6 hours.

=The increase in aqueous humor outflow lasts for approximately 2-4 hours.

=The miotic effect (pupil constriction) lasts for approximately 6-8 hours.

Factors Affecting Duration of Action:-

The duration of action of pilocarpine on rabbit eyes can be affected by several factors including:

=Concentration of pilocarpine:

=Frequency of administration:

=Individual variability:-

                                          Rabbit eyes may respond differently to pilocarpine resulting in varying durations of action.

 MECHANISM OF ACTION:- 

                                               that works by stimulating the muscrinic receptors in the eyes.

EFFECT ON EYE:-

1=MIOSIS:- 

                    Pilocorpine cause miosis in the Iris sphincter muscle. 

 

2=DECREASE INTRA OCULAR PRESSURE:

                                                                                low intra ocular pressure by increase the outflow of aqeous humor from the eye.

 4=INCREASE LACRIMATION:- 

                                                     increase tear by blocking the muscrinic receptors in the lacrimation gland. 

APPARATUS:- 

 1=wooden box 

 2=scissors 

 3=scale 

 4=torch

 5=cotton swab 

 6=stop watch 

 

PROCEDURE:- 

1. Preparation:-

Apply topical anesthetic to the eyes.

2. Baseline measurements:-

Measure IOP pupil diameter and aqueous humor outflow in both eyes using the respective devices.

3.Pilocarpine administration:-

The other eye serves as a control.

4.Post-treatment measurements:-

Measure IOP pupil diameter and aqueous humor outflow in both eyes at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours after pilocarpine administration.

5.Data analysis:- 

Compare the measurements between the treated and control eyes. Calculate the percentage change in IOP pupil diameter and aqueous humor outflow.

Safety precautions:-

- Use proper anesthesia and topical anesthetic to minimize discomfort and pain.

Follow proper procedures for measuring IOP pupil diameter and aqueous humor outflow.

Note:-

This procedure is for research purposes only and should be conducted under the guidance of a qualified researcher or veterinarian.

=Note all readings in observation table 

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS:- 

                                                  to study the effect of pilocorpine on rabbit eyes research typically use the following effects  

1=TOPICALLY APPLICATION:-

                                                    pilocorpine is applying directly to the eye used eyes drops or a micropipette 

 

2=INTRAOCULAR INJECTED:- 

                                                   pilocorpine is injected into the anterior chamber of the eye. 

3=ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY:- 

                                                Technically like electrophysiology or electroretinography are used to measure the electrical activity of the eye in response to pilocorpine. 

 

USES:-

1.Glaucoma research:-

Studying the effect of pilocarpine on rabbit eyes helps researchers understand the mechanisms of glaucoma and develop new treatments.

2.Ophthalmic pharmacology:-

 The effect of pilocarpine on rabbit eyes is used to study the pharmacology of the eye and develop new ophthalmic medications.

3.Veterinary medicine:-

Understanding the effect of pilocarpine on rabbit eyes informs its use in veterinary practice to treat glaucoma and other eye conditions in animals.

4.Toxicology studies:-

 The effect of pilocarpine on rabbit eyes is used to study the toxic effects of substances on the eye.

5.Dry eye treatment:-

Pilocarpine is used to treat dry eye syndrome by increasing tear production.

6.Contact lens research:- 

Studying the effect of pilocarpine on rabbit eyes helps researchers develop new contact lens materials and designs.

7.Ocular inflammation studies:-

 The effect of pilocarpine on rabbit eyes is used to study ocular inflammation and develop new treatments.

8.Pharmaceutical development:-

The effect of pilocarpine on rabbit eyes is used to develop new ophthalmic medications and to test their efficacy and safety.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANT:- 

                                           understand the effect of pilocorpine on rabbit eyes has important for human Opthalmology:- 

DIAGNOSIS TOOLS:- 

                                   pilocorpine is used as a diagnosis tool to dilute pupil for eye exams. TREATMENT OF UVEITIS:-

 pilocorpine is used to treat uveitis by reduce inflammation and prevent synchronized.

 

PRECAUTIONS:- 

                           

 Ensure proper anesthesia and pain management.

Drug Administration:-

1. Use sterile pilocarpine solution to avoid contamination.

2. Administer pilocarpine in a well-ventilated area.

3. Avoid touching the eye or surrounding area to prevent contamination.

Measurement Precautions:-

1. Calibrate tonometers and other measurement devices regularly.

2. Use proper techniques for measuring IOP pupil diameter and aqueous humor outflow.

3. Avoid touching the cornea or conjunctiva during measurements.

General Precautions:-

 1.Follow institutional guidelines for animal research.

2. Ensure proper disposal of waste materials.

RESULTS:- 

                 pilocorpine cause miosis in rabbit EYES.light and corneal reflex are present by applying it.