STUDY OF EFFECT OF ACETYLCHOLINE ON RABBIT EYES

Learn (study of effect of acetylcholine on rabbit eyes)

[Pharmacology practical]

THEORY:-

1.Muscarinic receptor activation:-

 ACh binds to muscarinic receptors (M1, M2, M3) in the eye, specifically in the iris sphincter muscle, ciliary muscle, and conjunctiva.

2.Miosis:-

 ACh causes constriction of the pupil (miosis) by stimulating the iris sphincter muscle.

3.Ciliary muscle contraction:-

ACh contracts the ciliary muscle leading to increased accommodation and a decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP).

4.Increased tear production:-

ACh stimulates the lacrimal gland leading to increased tear production.

5.Vasodilation:-

ACh causes vasodilation of the blood vessels in the eye leading to increased blood flow.

EFFECT OF EYES:-                      

When applied topically to the eyes of rabbits, ACh produces the following effects:

1.Miosis:-

 ACh causes rapid constriction of the pupil.

2.Increased accommodation:-

ACh contracts the ciliary muscle leading to increased accommodation.

3.Decreased IOP:-

ACh decreases IOP by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor.

4.Increased tear production:-

ACh stimulates tear production leading to increased moisture in the eye.

Procedures:-

1.Preparation:-

Apply topical anesthetic to the eyes.

2.Baseline measurements:-

Measure IOP pupil diameter and accommodation in both eyes using the respective devices.

3.Acetylcholine administration:-

 Instill 0.1-1% acetylcholine chloride solution into one eye (treated eye). The other eye serves as a control.

4.Post-treatment measurements:-

 Measure IOP, pupil diameter, and accommodation in both eyes at 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after acetylcholine administration.

5.Data analysis:-

Compare the measurements between the treated and control eyes. Calculate the percentage change in IOP pupil diameter and accommodation.

                        * Now install 2 drops of acetylcholine and observed.

                       * Note all readings in observation table.

PRECAUTIONS:-

When using acetylcholine (ACh) on rabbit eyes it is essential to take certain precautions to ensure the safety of the animals and the accuracy of the results. Here are some precautions to consider:

Administration Precautions

1.Topical administration:-

 Administer ACh topically to the eye, taking care not to touch the cornea or conjunctiva.

2.Avoid touching surrounding tissues:-

 Avoid touching surrounding tissues such as the eyelids or face to prevent accidental exposure.

3.Use aseptic technique:-

Use aseptic technique when administering ACh to prevent infection.

Post Administration Precautions

1.Monitor for adverse effects:-

Monitor the rabbit for adverse effects such as excessive tearing redness or discharge.

2.Maintain proper hygiene:-

Maintain proper hygiene including washing hands and cleaning equipment to prevent the spread of infection.

3.Dispose of waste properly:-

 Dispose of waste including used ACh solutions and equipment according to institutional guidelines.

General Precautions:

1.Wear protective gear:-

Wear protective gear including gloves and safety glasses when handling ACh.

2.Work in a well-ventilated area:-

Work in a wellventilated area to prevent inhalation of ACh fumes.

3.Follow institutional guidelines:-

Follow institutional guidelines for the use of ACh in animal research.

Importance:-

Understanding the effects of ACh on rabbit eyes is important for several reasons:

1.Ophthalmic research:-

ACh is used in ophthalmic research to study the mechanisms of muscarinic receptor activation and its effects on the eye.

2. _Glaucoma treatment:-

ACh is used in the treatment of glaucoma to decrease IOP.

3. _Dry eye treatment:-

ACh is used to treat dry eye syndrome by increasing tear production

USES:-

1.Miosis induction:-

Acetylcholine can induce miosis (pupil constriction), which is useful in research studies and clinical applications.

2.Intraocular pressure reduction:-

Acetylcholine can decrease intraocular pressure (IOP), making it a potential treatment for glaucoma.

3.Accommodation studies:-

Acetylcholine can stimulate accommodation, allowing researchers to study the mechanisms of accommodation and develop new treatments for accommodative disorders.

4.Ocular pharmacology research:-

Acetylcholine is used as a tool to study the pharmacology of the eye and develop new ophthalmic drugs.

5.Glaucoma research:-

 Acetylcholine is used to study the pathophysiology of glaucoma and develop new treatments for the disease.

6.Ophthalmic surgery:-

Acetylcholine can be used to induce miosis during ophthalmic surgery, reducing the risk of complications.

7.Diagnostic testing:-

Acetylcholine can be used as a diagnostic tool to assess the function of the autonomic nervous system in the eye.

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS:-

                                                   * Acetylcholine is applying directly to the eyes drops or micropipette.

                                                    * Acetylcholine is injected into the arterial chamber of the eye.

                                                    * Technically like EOG or electrophysiology.

                                                    * The study of effect of acetylcholine on rabbit eyes provide valuable insight into the physiology and pharmacology of the eye.develop new treatment for various eye disorder such as glucoma dry eye syndrome and age related muscular degeneration.

RESULTS:-

                  * Contraction of pupil occur light and corneal reflex are present after applying it.